Posthumanism vs. Transhumanism: From the “End of Exceptionalism” to “Technological Humanism”

Abstract Posthumanism and transhumanism are often identified. However, modern researchers indicate the fundamental difference between these intellectual schools. The idea of posthumanism is rejection biological, ethical, ontological anthropocentrism. Transhumanism focuses on changing improving natural human characteristics through technological, cognitive modifications. While draws attention to crisis humanism, latter’s heir. Scientific ethical consequences posthumanism, as well sociocultural potential transhumanism, considered in this article. carries risks shifting value focus from man other objects, which long term can lead a critical decrease status man. has preserve an effective economic cognizing agent. It suggested that Russian society for moving towards “technological humanism.”